In the herbal edibles market, bio-availability is the ultimate currency that determines the effectiveness of the product. Bio-availability refers to the proportion of a substance that enters the bloodstream when introduced into the body and is available for use or storage. For cannabis users, understanding bio-availability can enhance the efficacy of edibles, ensuring that you get the most out of your consumption.
1. General Bio-availability of Cannabis Edibles
Cannabis edibles typically have a bio-availability ranging from 4% to 20% when consumed orally. This means that only a small fraction of the ingested cannabis content is absorbed into the bloodstream. This is relatively low compared to other consumption methods such as inhalation, which can have a bio-availability rate of up to 60% .
2. The Reason for the Breakdown of Cannabis During First-Pass Metabolism
First-pass metabolism significantly affects the bio-availability of orally consumed cannabis. When you eat a cannabis edible, it first enters the stomach, then travels to the liver via the portal vein. The liver metabolises the cannabis compounds before they enter the bloodstream, breaking down a significant portion of the active ingredients. This process is known as first-pass metabolism, and it reduces the overall concentration of cannabinoids that reach systemic circulation .
3. How the Size of the Cannabis Molecule Affects Absorption
The size of the cannabis molecule, specifically cannabinoids like THC and CBD, can influence their absorption and metabolism. THC has a molecular weight of approximately 314.45 g/mol, and CBD has a molecular weight of around 314.47 g/mol. These relatively large, lipophilic (fat-soluble) molecules are more prone to being metabolised by the liver before reaching systemic circulation when consumed orally.
Comparison with Smaller Molecules
Smaller, water-soluble molecules with a molecular weight under 200 g/mol are often absorbed more efficiently and are less likely to undergo extensive first-pass metabolism. This difference highlights the challenges in maximising the bio-availability of larger, fat-soluble molecules like cannabinoids.
4. Ways to Maximise Absorption of Cannabis Edibles
There are several strategies to maximise the absorption of cannabis edibles:
Consuming with Fatty Foods: Since cannabinoids are fat-soluble, consuming them with fatty foods can enhance their absorption. Pairing edibles with meals that contain healthy fats, such as avocados or nuts, can improve bio-availability.
Sublingual Consumption: Holding cannabis-infused products under the tongue allows for direct absorption into the bloodstream, bypassing first-pass metabolism. This method can be more effective for certain cannabis users.
Enzyme Inhibitors: Consuming substances that inhibit certain liver enzymes (like grapefruit juice) can reduce the rate at which cannabinoids are metabolised, potentially increasing their bio-availability. However, this should be done with caution and ideally under medical supervision .
5. Highlighting the Importance of Finding the Effective Dose
Finding the right dose is essential for achieving the desired effects while minimising adverse reactions. Start with a low dose and gradually increase until you find the optimal amount that works for you. This approach, known as titration, helps in identifying the minimum effective dose, reducing the risk of over-consumption and unwanted side effects.
Conclusion
Understanding bio-availability and how various factors affect the absorption of cannabis can significantly enhance your experience with edibles. By optimising how you consume cannabis, you can maximise its benefits and achieve a more consistent and effective response.
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